水库防洪等蓄量优化调度模型及应用

Development and application of an equal volume of storage optimization model for reservoir flood-control

等蓄量法是中国水库防洪规划与实时调度中常用的调度方式,其3个参数(等蓄流量、起蓄流量和等蓄历时)一直采用试算方法推求。以等蓄流量为输入参数,引入蓄放水0~1状态变量,定义了逐时段水库蓄水量之和最小的线性目标函数,并设置蓄水状态连续性约束解决等蓄历时的推求,建立了水库防洪等蓄量优化调度的0~1整数线性规划模型(RFEV-ILP)。通过亭子口水库应用表明,该模型算法稳定,与理想补偿调度方式计算的防洪库容相差不足1%。该优化模型不仅可以推求防洪库容、起蓄流量及等蓄历时与等蓄流量之间的数值关系,而且能较好地揭示防洪风险与等蓄流量之间的关系、防洪控制点距离水库的远近对等蓄流量可选范围及相应采取防洪策略的影响。

The method of equal volume of storage is a general operation in flood control planning and real-time scheduling in China. It uses the trial method to calculate the three parameters,i. e.,the flow of storage,the initial flow before control and the duration of control. To improve this method,this paper proposes an integer linear programming model based on equal volume of storage for reservoir flood-control（ RFEV-ILP）. It takes the flow of storage as an input parameter,with 0 and 1 representing storing and releasing water,respectively. Additionally,it defines minimum stored water volume as an objective function,calculating the duration by setting the continuity of the water storage constraint in storing. A case studied in the Tingzikou reservoir perfectly illustrates that the proposed model is more stable and has less than 1% in flood control capacity as calculated by compensative regulation. Based on the optimization model,the numerical relationship between flood control storage and the three parameters can be deduced. It can also reveal the relationship between the flood control risk and the flow of equal volume,as well as the effects of the distance between the reservoir and flood control station on the range of flow and corresponding flood control strategy.