乳腺癌患者照顾者的生命质量状况及其影响因素研究

Quality of life and its related factors in caregivers of patients with breast cancer

目的调查乳腺癌患者照顾者的生命质量状况及其主要影响因素，同时检验心理弹性对社会支持与心理健康关系的影响。方法采用一般资料调查表、12条目生命质量量表第2版（SV-12V2）、领悟社会支持量表（PSSS）、10条目心理弹性量表（CD-RISC-10），对山东大学齐鲁医院179名住院乳腺癌患者的照顾者进行调查，采用多元线性回归分析对照顾者生命质量的影响因素进行分析，并分析心理弹性对社会支持和心理健康的中介作用与调节作用。结果照顾者的年龄与生理健康呈负相关（P=0．010），中晚期癌症患者照顾者的躯体健康得分较早期癌症患者照顾者低（P=0．003）。朋友支持及心理弹性与心理健康呈正相关（P〈0．01）。心理弹性对朋友支持和心理健康的关系有调节作用和部分中介作用。结论关注乳腺癌患者生命质量的同时应该重视其照顾者的生命质量状况。医务人员应该为照顾者提供更多社会支持，也应注重提高照顾者的心理弹性水平，指导其更好地应对照顾负担和压力，对于改善他们的心理健康状况起到事半功倍的效果。

Objective To exam the quality of life of the caregivers of patients with breast cancer, to explore their related factors, including medical characteristics of the patients, demographic characteristics of the caregivers, relationship with the patients, social support and psychological resilience, and to test the mediating and moderating roles of psychological resilience between social support and quality of life. Methods A total of 179 hospitalized patients diagnosed with breast cancer were recruited in Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. The self-designed demographic questionnaire, Medical Outcome Study 12-Item Short Form Health Survey,Version 2（SF-12V2）, Perceived Social Support Scale（PSSS）, and 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale（CD-RISC-10） were used to collect information about demographic characteristics and measure the quality of life, perceived social support and psychological resilience of the caregivers. The factors affecting the quality of life of the caregivers were analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis, and the mediating and regulating effects of mental resilience on social support and mental health were analyzed. Results The age of the caregivers was negatively correlated with the physical health （P=0.010）. The score of the body health of the family members of the middle and late stage cancer patients was lower than that of the family members in the early stage （P=0.003）. There was a positive correlation between friend support and resilience and mental health （P〈 0.01）. Resilience played a moderating role and mediating role in the relationship between friend support and mental health. Conclusions Attention should be paid to the quality of life of caregivers in patients with breast cancer. The medical staff should provide more social support for the caregivers, and should pay more attention to improve the psychological resilience of the caregivers, guide them to better cope with the burden and pressure of care, and improve their mental health with half the effort.