和谐关系管理模式下的汉语公示语礼貌探究

Politeness in Chinese Public Signs: A Rapport Management Account

公示语的基本特征是短小精悍,但随着社会发展以及构建和谐社会语言环境的要求,有些公示语却偏离这一共性特点,呈现出更多礼貌特征。本文运Spencer-Oatey和谐关系管理模式,尝试从面子、社会权利和义务以及交互目标三个维度探讨汉语公示语中的礼貌现象。研究结果表明,公示语管理者往往会根据不同语境需求,使用不同的公示语语言形式,在发布指令和维护和谐关系之间寻求平衡,目的在于最大效度地促使公众实施相关指令行为。

The present study explores the politeness phenomena in Chinese public signs from three dimensions, notably face, social rights and obligations as well as interactional goals by using Spencer-Oatey＇s Rapport Management Model（RMM）. The results show that administrators adopt different forms of public signs according to language context, and seek a balance between issuing directives and maintaining harmonious relations, with the aim of maximizing the effectiveness of the public to implement relevant directive acts. This also explains why the public signs（especially the directive public signs） now show more features of politeness as a response to the social development and the requirements of constructing a harmonious public language environment.