美国高中职业生涯教育:内容框架与实施路径

Career and Technical Education in Senior High Schools in the USA:Content Framework and Implementation Approach

美国高中通过足够丰富的内容、多元的主体和多样的形式,为学生提供适切的职业生涯教育。从教育的内容看,既包括面向基础的生涯发展教育,也包括侧重专业的职业生涯与技术教育,注重职业基础与专业技能的相辅相成。从实施主体看,综合高中、全日制生涯与技术教育高中、地区生涯与技术中学等都不同程度地推行各具特色的生涯教育,突出校内与校外的多元联动。从具体推行方式看,既以专门的生涯课程为主要载体,同时还提供多种与职业相关的生涯实践,强调专门课程与生涯实践的相得益彰。

Senior high schools offer students proper career and technical education with abundant contents, diverse subjects and various forms. By examining the offerings of senior high schools＇ career education, we notice that they contain not only career development education that focuses on students＇ basis, but also a professional career and technical education which are complementary with the basic one. Regarding the major subjects, comprehensive high schools, full-time CTE high schools and area CTE schools each has its own characteristics in career education, highlighting the multiple linkages between campus and off-campus. The main specialized career courses also differ between the two categories, as one includes a variety of curriculum practice ways that related to the occupations, while the other is more general,and they both emphasize the benefits that come from each other.