中共建党初期关于“国家统一”目标和模式的选择——一种基于历史文献对“外来因素”的梳理和阐释

On the CPC's Choice of Goal and Model in Fulfilling “National Unity”at the Beginning of Its Establishment: Review and Interpretation of “External Factors”on the Basis of Historical Literature

1949年,中共最终确立的"国家统一"目标和模式,是具有鲜明而突出的马克思主义中国化理论与实践特色、主张民族区域自治而实行民主集中制原则的"单一制共和国"——"中华人民共和国"。这是中共积28年新民主主义革命理论与实践探索的历史经验而做出的历史性选择,是对在建党初期即确立并在相当长的一段历史时期照搬"苏联模式"而秉持的以"民族自决"和"联邦制"为基本理念和主要特征之"国家统一"目标和模式的历史性扬弃。中共在建党初期之所以提出这样的"国家统一"目标和模式,其中的原因是复杂的、多方面的,既有主观因素,也有客观因素;既有内在驱动,也有外来影响,是"历史合力"的结果,是"没有选择的选择"。本文将主要通过相关历史文献的梳理,重点探讨一下其中的"外来因素"——马克思主义经典作家的有关理论阐释以及苏联和共产国际对中共历史选择的深刻影响。

In 1949,the Communist Party of China( CPC) set up its goal and model of national unity,namely,a"unitary republic state"—"the People's Republic of China,"which is a remarkable and distinctive feature of Chinese Marxist theory as well as the principle of maintaining regional national autonomy while exercising democratic centralism. This is a historical choice made by the CPC after its exploring and practicing the theory of New Democratic Revolution,and a historical sublation of the original goal and model,made when the CPC was first founded and then exercised for a long time: copying the goal and model of "national unity","national self-determination"and"Federalism"with the"Soviet Union Model"as the bases and major features. The reasons why the CPC was driven to take this choice are complex and manifold,with some being subjective and others objective; internally driven or externally stimulated,the choice is made by the result of "joint forces of history"and "no other choice than this. "This article focuses on the "external reason"behind the CPC's historical choice—the theoretical interpretation of the concerning Marxist theories and the profound influence of the Soviet Union and the Communist International( Comintern) upon the CPC.