大气环境变化导致水稻品质总体变劣

Change of Atmospheric Environment Leads to Deterioration of Rice Quality

气候变化将改变作物的生长环境,进而影响作物产量和品质。气候变化对重要粮食作物水稻产量形成的影响已有很多报道,但对同样重要的品质研究较少。在简要介绍实验平台基础上,本文总结了气候变化对水稻品质影响的研究进展。品质性状分为加工、外观、蒸煮/食味、营养和饲用品质,气候变化包括大气CO_2浓度升高、近地层O_3浓度增高和气温升高等,本文重点聚焦大气组分变化及其与高温的互作。已有文献表明,气候变化对水稻品质的影响尚存在诸多不确定性,但本文也发现了一些重要趋势,这些趋势多为不利的变化。高CO_2浓度、高O_3浓度或高温环境下生长的水稻表现出垩白增加、碎米增多的趋势;高CO_2浓度导致稻米蛋白质和多种元素浓度下降,但食味品质可能变优;臭氧胁迫水稻的食用和饲用品质均有变劣趋势。目前这方面认知多来自于单一气候因子的影响研究,但已有少量研究观察到CO_2与温度或O_3之间的交互作用;另外,水稻品质性状对气候变化的响应可能还受熏蒸方式、基因型和施肥量等影响。未来这一领域需继续利用不同尺度的试验平台验证已有趋势并拓展研究内容,在这基础上评估气候变化因子之间以及与其他因子的交互作用,重点揭示这些交互作用的内在机制,以便开发出真正适应未来气候变化的稻作生产技术。

Climate change will change the growth environment of crops, thereby affecting crop yield and quality. The effects of climate change on the yield formation of rice, one of the most important grain crops, had been reported extensively, but there were few studies on rice quality, which bore equal importance as yield in terms of rice production safety. After a brief introduction of the experimental platform, this paper summarized the research progress of the impact of climate change on rice quality. Quality traits were classified into processing, appearance, cooking/eating, nutritional and feeding quality. Climate change included elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, elevated tropospheric O3 concentration, higher temperature etc. This paper focused on the interactions between atmospheric composition change and high temperature on rice quality. Previous studies showed many uncertainties about the impact of climate change on rice quality, but some important trends had also been found. Unfortunately, most of these trends indicated unfavorable changes in rice quality. Rice growing in high CO2 concentration, high O3 concentration or high temperature environment exhibited an increase in grain chalkiness and a higher percentage of broken grains during millingprocess. The concentrations of protein and several micronutrients in rice grains decreased with high CO2 concentration, but the palatability was improved; Both the eating quality of rice grain and feeding quality of rice straw showed a trend of deterioration when plants were growing under ozone stress. At present, the understandings in this area were obtained mostly from the impact of single climatic factor, but the interaction between CO2 and temperature or O3 had been observed in a few studies. In addition, the responses of rice quality traits to climate change might also be affected by fumigation methods, genotypes and fertilizer application. In future, the experimental platform of different scales should be employed to verify the existing trends; More efforts should devote to evaluate the interactions between climate change factors and other factors, and to reveal the mechanisms of these interactions; And all related researches should aim at the successful development of rice production technology that could truly adapt to future climate change.