领属关系的生命度制约

Animacy and Its Constraint on the Realization of Possessive Relations

领属关系是人类语言中的一种普遍关系,领属构式作为其体现形式,深受生命度的影响:1)领有者生命度越高,表达的意义越丰富多样;2)解读领有者与领属物之间的关系时,高生命度实体作主语解读,无生实体作宾语解读;如果是最高生命度的人称代词,英语里两种解读皆可,而汉语里限制很严;3)英语里,生命度越高,越需要选用-'s构式,无生的选用of构式,处于中间的两者皆可;4)"的"与"-s"的隐现与生命度有紧密的联系;5)"的"隐形导致句式的变化和功能的扩展,但领属关系仍然存在,这为解释"王冕死了父亲"这样的难题提出了一种解决思路。

Animacy, both a universal semantic primitive, and a typological universal in human languages, has a great impact, on the coding of possessive relations in their realisations as possessive constructions in the following aspects ： 1 ） the higher in animacy the possessor, the more potential interpretations of the construction; 2 ） if the possessor is high in the animaey hierarchy, it is interpreted as subject in the construction, otherwise as object; if the possessor is a pronoun, it can be interpreted as either subject or object according to the context, but in Chinese it is interpreted only as subject; 3 ） the choice of the -＇s or of construction increases or decreases with animacy of the possessor; 4） explicit coding of ＂de＂in Chinese or -＇s in English is closely correlated with the animacy of the possessor; 5 ） implicit coding of ＂de＂ leads to the change of meaning and construction type, but still keeps the possessive relations, which will shed light on the explanation of the tricky construction ＂Wangmian si le fuqin＂.