从革命到改革:新时期关于历史动力问题讨论的再反思

From Revolution to Reform:Rethinking on the Discussion of Historical Dynamics in the New Era

新时期的中国马克思主义史学,在力图挣脱政治枷锁的过程中日渐迎回其"科学"属性,但在繁荣景象背后也存在专业反思不够、运动式置换史学观念、研究路数浅显碎化等问题。它在从机械临摹的初级阶段向自主叙事的高级阶段过渡的过程中,始终进行着理论指导与史实澄清、西式研究取向与传统治学路径以及历史与现实之间关系的调整、磨合。这种状况在1979年前后史学界关于历史发展动力问题的讨论中即已存在,且在新的历史阶段和学理基础上持续延展。讨论背后所蕴含的从革命到改革的史学观念转变,挑战了正统的革命史叙事,并推动史学研究向着现代化范式转型。史学界随之放弃阶级视角及阶级分析等做法,则进一步强化了这种历史观念的转向,同时也暴露出倒向另一极端所引发的片面甚至失衡的研究弊端。

Chinese Marxist history science in the new period has gradually returned to its ＂scientific＂attribute in the process of trying to break the political shackles,but there are also some issues,such as the lack of professional reflection,campaign-style replacement of historical concepts,and the shallow fragmentation of the research ways.In the transformation and development process from the primary stage to a more advanced stage,there has always been the existence of the adjustment and running-in between the theoretical guidance and the clarification of historical facts,between western-style research orientation and traditional approaches,and between history and reality.This situation appeared in the discussion on the historical development dynamics around 1979,and has continued to extend in the new era and academic principles.The transformation of historical ideas from revolution to reform behind the discussion challenges the orthodox narrative of revolutionary history,and promotes the transformation of historical research into a modernized paradigm.However,the historians abandon the class perspectives and class analysis methods,which further reinforce the shift of this historical concept,and also expose the shortcomings or even the unbalance caused by the complete reverse to the other extreme.