我国收入分配格局新变化及其对策思考

New Changes of China's Income Distribution and Its Countermeasures

从初次分配看,近年来我国劳动报酬份额有所提高,但实际工资水平原地踏步的状况并没有发生根本性变化,这是一种对劳动者不利的分配格局;从二次分配看,居民部门收入占国民收入的份额约为54%,虽然近年来略有上升,但还远未达到合理水平;从税费负担看,有将近1/3的居民收入因缴纳税费而变得不可支配,这使得工薪劳动者在分配格局中的不利地位雪上加霜;从居民收入差距看,我国基尼系数一直在高位徘徊,是经济可持续发展与全面建成小康社会的重要负面因素。建立合理有序的分配秩序,既需要在初次分配中充分发挥市场的决定性作用,让各类要素取得合理的回报,又需要在二次分配中合理调节收入差距,让经济增长的果实更好地惠及全体国民。近一个时期,要扭转工薪劳动者的不利地位,应该让个人所得税的起征点大幅度提高,并与社会平均工资挂钩,实现年度自动调节。

From the primary distribution, China＇s labor income share has been improved in recent years, but the actual wage level is disadvantageous to the workers. From the secondary distribution, the income of the residential sector accounted for about 54% of national income, still far from reaching a reasonable level. Nearly one-third of the residents ′income has become uncontrollable due to tax payments. From the income gap of residents, the Gini coefficient of our country has been hovering in high position. To establish a reasonable distribution order, we need to give full play to the decisive role of the market, so that all kinds of factors to achieve a reasonable return. We need to rationalize the income gap so that the fruits of economic growth benefit the entire population better. In order to reverse the disadvantage of workers, the starting point of personal income tax should be greatly increased, and the average wage should be pegged to achieve annual automatic adjustment.