西方劳动力地理学的微观化转向与当代价值

Micro-Conversion and Contemporary Value of Western Labor Geography

在过去的半个世纪中,西方劳动力地理学探索出了一套关于资本主义空间生产的理论体系,地理转变成为理解现代世界劳动力的重要方法。通过空间和地理尺度,我们绘制出了一张复杂的现代工人生活、工作和奋斗的景观,看到以往宏观社会景观研究存在的地理悖论和理论困境。因此,西方劳动力地理学将微观主体的异质性引入研究,实现了地理学研究从关注社会景观到关注人类能动性的转向,使西方劳动力地理学研究从宏观和中观的生产要素和抽象劳动力层面引申到微观的社会主体层面,增大了地理学与现实生活的接触面,增强了其解释能力。西方劳动力地理学的微观化转向有着深刻的时代和政治背景,对世界交互性认识,使地理突破了狭隘的理解视野,具备了勾连地方和日常生活实践的能力。同时,阶级意识崛起、阶级斗争以及社会运动也是推动微观化转向的积极力量。新古典主义经济学、马克思主义和制度主义为西方劳动力地理学的微观化转向提供了理论支持,为我们厘清资本主义社会关系、丰富劳动的地理空间内涵,挖掘劳动力对地理图景的塑造能力等方面意义重大。同时,西方劳动力地理学的微观化转向对研究以人民为本的政治地理学,重塑地理正义和探索空间改造的制度安排有重要的价值。

In the past half century, the western labor geography has explored a set of theoretical system aboutthe capitalist space production, and geography turned to an important way to understand the labor force in themodern world. Through space and geographic scale, we draw a complex landscape of modern workers＇ life,work and struggle, and see the geographical paradox and theoretical predicament existing in the previous studyof macro social landscape. Therefore, the western labor geography has introduced the heterogeneity of the microcosmic subject into the research and realized the turn of geography research from the social landscape to thehuman activeness, which made the western labor geography study from the macroscopic and mesoscopic production factors and the abstract labor level to the micro social subject level. The increased contact between geography and real life has enhanced its explanatory power. The microscope turn of Western labor geography hasa profound and political background of the times, and the understanding of the world ＇ s interactive naturemakes geography break the narrow vision of understanding and acquire the capacity to connect the local anddaily life practice. At the same time, the rise of class consciousness, class struggle and social movement alsoforms a positive force to push the turning. Neo classical economics, Marxism and institutionalism provide theoretical support for the microturn of Western labor geography, which is of great significance for us to clarify thesocial relations of capitalism, to enrich the geographical space of labor, and to excavate the ability of the laborforce to shape the geographical picture. Meanwhile, the micro turn of the western labor geography is of greatvalue to the study of the political geography which is based on the people, to reshape the geographical justiceand to explore the institutional arrangement of the dimensional transformation.