汉语情态协同关系及其复杂性

The Relationship of Chinese Modality Coordination and Its Complexity

情态系统是语言的四大标记系统之一,它服务于陈述类成分。情态协同关系是两种以上情态范畴或情态标记的合作关系,它以多种形式表现于标记成分或标记结构中。情态协同成分有融合标记、兼职标记、跨类标记三种,所有的情态协同关系都是语言系统复杂性的集中体现。这种复杂性又分正则复杂性(含常规复杂性、偏常复杂性)和变则复杂性,变异复杂性也见于统辖关系。如一级情态存在较为固定的单向统辖序列,但情态量(含频度、程度、范围)、情貌(含时间貌、处所貌、心理貌、关系貌、效果貌、社会貌、样态貌、幅度貌、言语貌)的位序稳定性差,可在一定范围内游动,形成一个变异区间。这些超约束范畴在一级情态统辖序列的参考位置上其实都有一个分布的基点,它在变异区间的其他分布都是变异点。

Modality system is one of the four major markup systems of language, serving for declarative components. Modality coordination means a cooperative relationship of two or more modal categories or modalmarkers. It is expressed in various forms in marker or marker structure. There are three kinds of modality synergy components： fusion mark, parttime mark and crossclass mark. All modality synergy relations are theconcentrated embodiment of the complexity of language system. This complexity is also divided into regularcomplexity （including conventional complexity, partial complexity） and variable complexity, and the complexity of variation is also seen in governing relations. For example, there is a relatively fixed unidirectional controlsequence in the first level modality, but the number of modality （including frequency, degree and scope）, theappearance （including the appearance of time, the appearance of place, the psychological appearance, the relationship one, the effect one, aa well as the social appearance, the pattern one , the amplitude one, thespeech one） is poor, and can swim within a certain range and form a variation. In the interval, these superconstrained categories have a base point of distribution in the reference position of the first level modality control sequence, and the other distributions in the variation interval are the variation points.