基于虚拟水理论的功能农业示范区玉米种植水足迹研究——以山西太谷为例

Study on the Water Footprint of Maize Planting in the Functional Agriculture Demonstration Area Based on Virtual Water Theory——A Case of Taigu County,Shanxi Province

基于联合国粮农组织的CLIMWAT和CROP数据库中有关山西太谷的相关气候数据以及《山西省统计年鉴》,借助CROPWAT 8.0模型、运用虚拟水理论对2000—2015年山西太谷玉米种植水足迹进行量化分析。结果表明,太谷县玉米生长过程水足迹整体呈波动上升趋势,水足迹的平均值为1.04×109 m^3/a,最大值出现在2015年,为1.48×10~ m^3/a,最小值出现在2003年,为0.55×10~ m^3/a;玉米水足迹构成中以蓝水足迹为主,占总水足迹的59.54%,绿水足迹占总水足迹的25.68%,灰水足迹占总水足迹的14.78%,三者皆呈波动上升的趋势;玉米水足迹效率总体上呈现出上升—下降—上升—下降—上升的趋势,其最小值为2004年的0.41元/m^3,最大值为2014年的1.20元/m^3,2014年约为2004年的3倍。表明太谷县玉米水足迹效率在明显提高,意味着玉米对太谷县农业总产值作出的贡献有所提高。

Based on the relevant climate data of Shanxi Taigu in the CLIMWAT and CROP databases of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the Statistical Yearbook of Shanxi province, the CROPWAT model was quantitatived analysis of water footprint of corn growing in Taigu from 2000 to 2015. The results showed that the overall water footprint of Taigu county was fluctuating,the average value of water footprint was 1.04×109 m3/a, the maximum value appeared in 2015（1.48×109 m3/a）, and the minimum value appeared in 2003（0.55×109 m3/a）. The water footprint of corn was mainly blue water footprint, accounting for 59.54%, and the green water footprint was 25.68%, and the proportion of grey water footprint was 14.78%. The efficiency of corn water footprint on the whole showed up-down-up-down-the rising trend, its minimum value was 2004（0.41 yuan/m3）, a maximum of 2014 was 1.20 yuan/m3, about3 times was that of 2004. It shows the corn water footprint efficiency of Taigu improves obviously and means that the corn＇s contribution increases in Taigu county agricultural output value.