法益转向:商业秘密私权确立之刑事应对

The Theory of Criminal Legal Interests Should Be Transited from Private-oriented to Socialoriented Standpoint: after the Right of Trade Secrets Was Stipulated in the General Provisions of the Civil Law

2017年10月1日起施行的《民法总则》和2018年1月1日起施行的《反不正当竞争法》纳入和完善了商业秘密条款。考虑到法律规范的体系和分工,针对侵犯商业秘密罪的刑事政策也需相应调整。管窥以上两部立法,可以预见关于侵犯商业秘密罪的刑事政策由强势向弱势回归的趋势。商业秘密权本质上属于私权利,应当主要通过民法和行政法来规制。从经济学理论视角,侵犯商业秘密行为具有相当之正外部性。所以,对商业秘密的私权侵犯不应再是刑法法益考量的重点,社会整体科技创新环境、诚信创业激励机制指明了刑法法益社会化的方向。

The articles on trade secrets were amended and modified in the General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People＇s Republic of China, which came into force in October 1, 2017 and the Anti-Unfair Competition Law of the People＇s Republic of China （2017 Revision） which came into force in January 1, 2018. Considering the status and function of criminal law in the whole legal system, the criminal policy involving trade secrets should be adjusted. Through the study of the above two legislation, we can predict the principle of＂criminal law first, civil law second＂ will be changed to ＂civil law first, criminal law second＂, when we discuss the criminal policy of Trade Secrets Infringement Crime. In essence, the Right of Trade Secrets is more closely related to private rights. Therefore, we should regulate the infringement of trade secrets through Civil Law and Administrative Law. By studying the theory of economics, we know that the infringement of trade secrets assumes the Positive Externality. Therefore, on studying the theory of criminal legal interests, we should abandon the old theory of ＂criminal law first, civil law second＂ and should pay special attention to the innovation environment of social science and technology, and the incentive mechanism of honesty and credit.