3D打印产业发展与专利制度变革

3D Printing Industry Development and Patent System Reform

3D打印在开放创新模式下形成了开放设计与社会制造的产业发展特征。这导致了3D打印开放创新的开放性与专利权的独占性之间的矛盾。促进3D打印产业发展的专利制度的变革,必须以解决这一矛盾为目标,在多元主体之间进行合理的利益平衡。对"以生产经营为目标"进行扩大解释,将私人的3D打印行为纳入专利法的适用范围;有利于保护专利权人利益;设立法定许可制度,让专利权人释放部分权利,保障私人的自由领域。以共同侵权制度代替间接侵权制度,避免了对3D打印产业链上的其他主体课以严厉责任,为他们参与3D打印产业发展赢得了宽松的环境;同时也为专利权人保留追责余地。微专利制度能为3D打印产业发展中的微创新提供便捷及时的保护,也拆卸了公众实施微专利的障碍。

3D printing informs open design and social manufacturing industry development characteristics, under the mode of open innovation. This leads to the contradiction between the openness of 3D printing open innovation and the exclusivity of patent rights. The patent system which promotes the development of the 3D printing industry, we must address this contradiction as the goal, in a variety of subjects between the reasonable balances of interests. To expand the interpretation of the ＂production and management as the goal＂ to the private 3D print behavior into the scope of the patent law; it is conducive to the protection of the interests of patentee; the establishment of a statutory licensing system, the patentee to release part of the rights to protect private freedom field. The joint infringement system to replace the indirect infringement system, to avoid the 3D printing industry chain on other subjects to strict liability for their participation in the development of the 3D printing industry to win a relaxed environment; but also for the patentee to retain room for recovery. Micro patent system for the development of the 3D printing industry to provide timely and timely micro-innovation protection, but also disassembled the public implementation of micro-patent barriers.