中国城市社会阶层空间分异及变化:基于职业地位视角

Spatial Differentiation and Variation of Social Stratification in Chinese Cities: From the Perspective of Occupational Status

市场经济、全球化、城镇化以及生产和组织方式的变化,使得城市社会分层和社会空间分异日益成为学术界与社会关注的焦点问题.本文以第五次人口普查和第六次人口普查的“职业从业人员”统计数据为基础,对中国城市地区进行社会阶层分异、社会阶层分化类型和变化的空间视角研究;并聚焦于当前城镇化的重要载体一巨型城市区尺度,对其进行社会阶层空间格局和变化研究.研究发现第一,中国城市地区的社会阶层分化具有显著的空间地域性特征,并且与城市经济规模和政治等级性、功能专门化等有一定的关联;第二,巨型城市区和非巨型城市区的阶层分化日益拉大;第三,巨型城市区之间在不同地带、不同发展阶段、不同功能驱动类型等方面也存在显著的差异性.总体来看,东部地区、发达的巨型城市区呈现进一步向社会上层主导发展演化的趋势.

Market economy, globalization,urbanization, variation of the ways of productionand organization, social stratification, anddifferentiation of social spaces are graduallybecoming the focus in academic filed. Based onthe data from the 5th and 6th Population Census in2000 and 2010, this article analyzes the socialstratification of county-level cities in China isfrom the perspective of occupational status. Itfocuses on the important carrier of urbanization,megacity regions, and analyzes the structure andvariation of its social stratification spaces. Theresearch has several conclusions. Firstly, thesocial stratification of China’s urban area hasobvious spatial and regional characteristics, andcorresponds with cities’ economic scale, politicstatus, and functional specialization. Secondly,the stratification of megacity districts as well asnon-megacity districts is getting more obvious.Thirdly, megacity regions of different locations,different development phases, and differentfunctions vary to a large extent. Eastern Chinaand developed megacity regions are transferringinto a stage driven by upper class.