组织工程支架材料:特征及在组织工程中的应用

Tissue-engineering scaffolds: characteristics and applications in tissue engineering

背景:支架材料是组织工程中的关键因素,通过支架使种子细胞在上面黏附并通过一定的手段诱导种子细胞增殖分化成特定的细胞,从而促进组织的损伤修复。目的:对近几年不同支架材料包括天然材料、生物可降解材料和复合材料的优势和劣势及在组织工程中的应用进行综述,重点介绍石墨烯复合支架在组织工程中的应用。方法:以"组织工程,韧带,支架材料,天然材料,生物可降解材料,复合材料,研究进展,Tissue engineering;Ligament,Scaffold material,Biodegradable material,Composite materials,Progress in research"为关键词,检索CNKI、Pub Med、Elsevier ScienceD irect、Engineering Village、Web of Science等数据库1990至2018年发表的文献,将所有文章进行初筛后,对保留的文献进一步的归纳和总结。结果与结论:目前组织工程中常用的支架材料有天然材料、生物可降解材料和复合材料,这些材料目前在骨、软骨、韧带、皮肤等组织工程方面有了广泛应用。大多数天然材料无毒,生物相容性、细胞亲和性较好,可被完全吸收,但缺点是机械强度较差。生物可降解材料具有良好的可降解性、组织相容性、生物相容性、无细胞毒性等优点,缺点是疏水性强、细胞黏附能力差。石墨烯具有良好的稳定性、导电性、导热性、机械强度,但单纯石墨烯质地较薄,很难塑形,且其生物相容性和水溶性较差。复合材料结合了单一材料的特点,并且将各自的特点整合,使其功能更加全面,因而复合支架材料成为当前组织工程研究的重点。

BACKGROUND： Scaffold materials act as a key factor in tissue engineering. Seed cells adhered onto the scaffold are induced to proliferate and differentiate into specific cells under certain conditions, so as to promotetissue damage repair. OBJECTIVE： To review the advantages and disadvantages of different scaffold materials, including natural materials, biodegradable materials and composite materials, and their applications in the tissue engineering in recent years, and to highlight the application of graphene composite scaffolds in tissue engineering. METHODS： We searched the databases of CNKI, PubMed, Elsevier ScienceDirect, Engineering Village, and Web of Science to retrieve the relevant articles published from 1990 to 2018 with the key words of “tissue engineering; ligament; scaffold material; biodegradable material; composite materials; progress in research” in Chinese and English, respectively. After initial screening, eligible articles were further summarized and analyzed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： Commonly used scaffolds for tissue engineering include natural materials, biodegradable materials, and composite materials. These materials are now widely used in the tissue engineering involving bone, cartilage, ligaments, and skin. Most of the natural materials are non-toxic, biocompatible, have good cell affinity and can be completely absorbed. However, their disadvantages are poor mechanical strength. Biodegradable materials have the advantages of good biodegradability, tissue compatibility, biocompatibility, and no cytotoxicity, but also have some disadvantages-strong hydrophobicity and poor cell adhesion. Graphene has good stability, electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength, but it is difficult to shape due to its thin texture. Furthermore, poor biocompatibility and water solubility are also its drawbacks. Composite materials are designed to integrate the characteristics of different single materials to produce more comprehensive features. Therefore, composite scaffold materials have become the focus of current tissue engineering research.