会阴子宫内膜异位症的研究进展

Research progress in perineal endometriosis

会阴子宫内膜异位症(PEM)是指发生于会阴部位的子宫内膜异位症,发病机制尚不明确,种植学说被多数学者认可,近年来干细胞理论被作为PEM的新学说,可能与所有经典学说有关。PEM多继发于分娩后的会阴损伤,表现为伴随经期的周期性疼痛结节,手术切除是首选的治疗方法,推荐行广泛性病灶切除,对于有肛门括约肌受累的还需行肛门括约肌成形术。由于临床罕见,为提高诊疗水平,力求早期诊断及治疗。本文对PEM的发病机制、临床诊断、治疗等研究进展做一综述。

Perineal endometriosis （PEM）is defined as the endometriosis in the perineum. The pathogenesis of PEM is unclear, however, transplantation seeding of endometriosis is accepted by most scholars. In recent years,the stem cell theory is a new hypothesis which may clarify the pathophysiologic mechanisms of perineal endometriosis, which can be involved in all conventional theories. Perineal endometriosis is almost secondary to perineal injury after childbirth, characterized by periodic pain nodules associated with menstrual period. Surgical resection is the first choice of treatment and wide excision is recommended. Anal sphincter angioplasty is required for anal sphincter involvement. Due to the rare clinical practice and to rise the quality of diagnosis and therapy early,this article presented an overview about the research progress in pathogenesis, diagnosis and the therapy of PEM.