国外直升机应急救援体系现状与启示

Foreign helicopter emergency medical services system: The status and implications

直升机因灵活机动、小面积垂直起降、自由悬停、低空低速点对点飞行等特征,已成为城市应急救援的重要组成力量。直升机应急救援体系是一个衔接紧密、互为支撑、协同密切的运行系统。目前,全球直升机应急救援体系发展较为成熟和完善的主要是德国、英国、瑞士、美国、澳大利亚、日本六个国家。本文从基本组成、网络布点、营运模式等方面,介绍六个国家的直升机应急救援体系,分析其特点和关键内容,以期对我国直升机应急救援体系发展有所启示。

Helicopters have become an important component of urban emergency rescue due to their features such as flexibility, short take off/vertical landing （STOVL）, free hovering, and point-to-point flight at low altitude and speed. The helicopter emergency medical services system is a working system that is tightly linked, mutually supportive, and closely coordinated. At present, the helicopter emergency medical services system is well developed in Germany, Britain, Switzerland, the United States, Australia and Japan. This paper introduces the helicopter emergency medical services systems in these six countries and analyzes their characteristics and key contents in terms of components, network deployment and operational modes, with a view to enlightening China＇s helicopter emergency medical services system.