小秦岭金矿区边坡不同植被组合类型修复效果分析

The Restoration Effect Analysis of Different Vegetation Combinations on the Slag Slope in the Gold Area of Xiao-Qinling Mountain

为探讨不同植被组合类型对矿山渣坡修复效果的影响,对群落结构不同组合下的小秦岭矿山边坡植被恢复效果进行研究。结果表明,(1)灌草组合土壤速效钾含量显著高于其他处理;有机质含量也高于其他处理,但是并不显著;灌草组合和乔灌草组合在碱解氮和速效磷含量方面都显著高于其他处理。(2)植被对土壤中的重金属元素(Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn、Pb)具有富集作用,但是富集效果受植被类型和盖度等因素的影响而不同,除了在Ni含量上灌草组合与空白处理富集差异不显著外,灌草组合和乔灌草组合对其他重金属元素的富集效应都显著高于空白处理。(3)在水土保持方面,灌草组合、乔灌草组合(90%)显著高于其他处理;在负氧离子含量方面,乔灌草组合(96.10个/cm^3)、灌草组合(95.97个/cm^3)显著高于其他处理。可见灌草组合和乔灌草组合在水土保持和改善局部环境空气质量方面与其他处理差异显著。(4)负氧离子含量和土壤氮元素含量在各修复指标中的二维投影的余弦值最大,是衡量边坡修复情况的关键因子。

In order to study the effect of different types of vegetation combinations on the restoration of mine slag slope,the vegetation restoration on the mine slope of Xiao-Qinling Mountain was preliminarily analyzed under the different composition of the community structure.The results showed that：（1）the content of available K in soil of shrub-grass combination was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and the content of organic matter was higher than that of other treatments,but it was not significant,the content of Alkali hydrolysable N and available K of the grass-shrub-tree and grass-shrub combinations were significantly higher than that of other treatments;（2）Vegetation has enriched the heavy metal elements（Cr,Cu,Ni,Zn,Pb）in the soil,but the enrichment effect was different from the influence of the vegetation type and the coverage,except for the difference of the concentration difference between the grass combination and the blank treatment in the Ni content.The enrichment effect of the combination of grasses and grasses on other heavy metal elements was not significant.It should be significantly higher than that of blank treatment（ P 〈0.05）;（3）In terms of soil and water conservation,the shrub-grass combination and grass-shrub-tree combination（90%）were significantly higher than that of other treatments.In the content of negative oxygen ions,the grass-shrub-tree（96.10/cm 3 ）and grass-shrub（95.97/cm 3 ）combinations was significantly higher than that of other treatments;It can be seen that the grass-shrub-tree and grass-shrub combinations were significantly different from other treatments in terms of soil and water conservation and improvement of local air quality ;（4）the cosine value of the two-dimensional projection of the negative oxygen ion content and soil nitrogen element content was the largest,and it was the key factor to measure the slope restoration.