重庆地区中华蜜蜂群势周年变化规律调查

Investigation on the annual changes of Apis cerana cerana colony population in Chongqing

为了进一步研究重庆地区中华蜜蜂群势周年变化规律,试验选择重庆地区具有典型代表的西部丘陵荣昌（海拔340 m）、南部高山地区金佛山（海拔1 200 m）及东南部高山地区白马山（海拔960 m）为试验点,定群对中华蜜蜂的群势、封盖子及卵虫数量进行测定。结果表明：重庆地区中华蜜蜂最大群势为8.78脾,随着海拔的升高,群势呈逐渐增大的趋势;蜂群内工蜂、封盖子及卵虫数量变化属双峰型,第一个高峰期出现在3—5月中旬,第二个高峰期出现在8—10月中旬;蜂群内一年有两次起王台的高峰期,一次是3月下旬—4月上旬,另一次是7月下旬—9月上旬,第一次起王台时蜂农顺势分蜂,第二次起王台时由于生产秋蜜基本控制不再进行分蜂。

The aim of the present study was to investigate the annual changes of Apis cerana cerana colony in Chongqing. The typical western hilly Rongchang（ altitude 340 m）,the southern alpine Jinfo（ altitude 1 200 m） and the southeastern alpine Baima（ altitude 960 m） were selected as the test sites. The colony population,amount of sealed brood and egg in Apis cerana cerana were determined regularly. The results showed that the largest colony population of Apis cerana cerana in Chongqing was 8. 78 combs. With the increase of altitude,the colony population increased gradually. The changes of worker,sealed brood and egg amount presented two peaks. The first peak occurred from March to May,and the second peak occurred from August to October. Queen cell building presented two peaks a year,one from late March to early April,and the other from late July to early September. The bees were swarmed at its convenience by the bee farmers in the first building time. But in the second building time,the bees were no longer swarmed,because the production of autumn honey had been basically controlled.