民族性、历史观与人民美学——新时期文艺的人民立场及叙事刍议

Nationality,Historical Outlook and People's Aesthetics:On the People's Stand and Narrative Method of Literature and Art in the New Period

当代中国文艺批评的发展历程以及西方文艺批评中国适用性和辩证批判性,要求我们对文艺立场与文艺中国化建构方法做深入思考。围绕民族性、历史观以及美学等重要问题,新时期文艺如何有效坚守人民立场?在文艺的民族性上,要厘清民间的、民族性的辩证关系,分析叙事手法的民间形式与内容人民性的辩证关系,强调人民立场对文艺民族性重建的必然。在历史观上,要坚定马克思主义人民历史唯物观,反对历史虚无主义,在认同作为手法的微观历史叙事的文学性价值同时,强调对人民史观的坚守。在美学上,除了延续传统人民美学的应有内涵外(民间的、社会现实主义原则的等),人民立场的美学应以"真善美"为标准,呼唤"崇高美学"的回归与重构,以"善美""大制"等民族传统美学观证名与加权新时期"崇高"美学凝聚力与向心力,并注意甄别与批判部分西方后现代庸俗美学观。

The development of contemporary Chinese literary criticism,as well as the Chinese applicability and dialectical criticism of western literary criticism system,requires us to think deeply about the method of literature and art position and the sinicized construction of literature and art.This paper will discuss how to effectively stick to the people＇s position of literature and art in new era from the perspective of nationality,historical outlook and aesthetics.The research finds that we should clarify the dialectical relationship between folk and nationality,and distinguish between the artistic and cultural gains and losses of folk writing in terms of the nationality of literature and art.In the view of history,we should strengthen Marxist historical materialism,oppose western postmodern historical nihilism,and emphasize the adherence to the people＇s view of history while recognizing the literary value of micro-historical narration as a technique.In aesthetics,in addition to extending the proper connotation of traditional people＇s aesthetics（folk,social realism,etc.）,the aesthetics of people＇s stand should regard＂truth,goodness and beauty＂as aesthetic standard,calling for the return and reconstruction of lofty aesthetics.The traditional aesthetic view of＂great system＂proves＂lofty＂aesthetic cohesion and centripetal force in the new period.Besides,we should pay attention to discriminating and criticizing some western postmodern vulgar aesthetic views.