英、汉空间量度形容词隐喻域对比研究

A Contrastive Study of the Metaphorical Domains of English and Chinese Spatial Dimensional Adjectives

在概念隐喻观照下通过对比研究我们发现英、汉空间量度形容词的隐喻化具有普遍性,英、汉空间量度形容词向抽象域映射的过程中有时发生转类现象,这体现了空间认知的基础性和在抽象认知中的重要性。描述整体维度的词隐喻映射最为广泛,表达同一类别空间义的词隐喻映射有共同的偏好,描述凸显维度的词隐喻映射域有比较强的对应关系,在隐喻映射的过程中英、汉空间量度形容词词义趋向主观化。英语中描述整体维度的两对词表现出不同的隐喻映射偏好,描述垂直维度的词在向时间域和年龄域映射的过程中表现出了差异,"粗、细"在隐喻映射中与其他词对的语义极向不同。不同文化和语言社区中概念化具有普遍性和可变性,自然语言语义系统兼有普遍性和民族性。英、汉空间量度形容词隐喻映射方面的共性多于差异,这是因为英、汉语使用者基于相似的身体经验和生存环境用空间量度概念概念化抽象概念,而词汇基本义之间的差异导致隐喻义之间差异增大。

In light of Conceptual Metaphor Theory a contrastive study shows that the prevalent metaphorical use of English and Chinese SDAs,which proves the importance of spatial cognition in metaphor.In the process of mapping into an abstract domain,some Spatial Dimensional Adjectives（SDAs）have shifted into other parts of speech.The SDAs profiling overall dimensions have the most metaphorical domains,English and Chinese SDAs representing the same type of spatial meaning have similar preferences in metaphorical mappings,and there is correspondence in the mappings of SDAs of salient dimensions in the two languages,their meanings moving closer to the subjective end of the continuum through metaphorical mappings.The two pairs of SDAs profiling overall dimensions in English have different preferences in their metaphorical mappings,and there are differences between English and Chinese SDAs depicting height when mapped into the Time Domain and the Age Domain,and ＂CU,XI＂point to different affective poles in mapping.There is universality and variability in conceptualization in different cultures and communities,and the semantic system of natural languages has both universality and nationality.There are more similarities than differences in the metaphorical mappings of English and Chinese SDAs,in that based on similar bodily experiences and physical environments,English and Chinese users conceptualize abstract concepts through spatial dimensions,and the differences in the spatial senses lead to larger gaps in their metaphorical mappings.