上古汉语植物名语义造词探析

Research on Word-Making by Meaning of Plants Names in Ancient Chinese

语义造词是利用语义的分化来创造新词的方式,是汉语名物词滋生发展的重要手段,在汉语词汇积累的派生阶段具有十分重要的作用。上古汉语植物名的语义造词主要通过原词的语义引申与源义素的孳乳派生。上古汉语植物名的语义造词往往伴随着语音或字形的改变,客观上促进了古汉语植物名专名用字的迅速累增。汉语植物语义造词是人们对客观世界认知的结果,其中隐喻与范畴化在此过程中起着重要作用。

Word-making by meaning is the way that uses the semantic divergence to create new words.It is the important method of developing Chinese Mingwu words and plays an essential role in Chinese vocabulary accumulation during the derivative period.The main ways of making words by meaning in plants names of Ancient Chinese are semantic extension and the derivation of the etymeme.Word-making by meaning of plants names in Ancient Chinese is always with the changes of the sound and the font.It promotes the rapid accumulation and increase of the characters in proper nouns in plants names objectively. Word-making by meaning of plants is people＇s cognitive result of the objective world.Metaphors and categorization play a very important role in the process.