ORC技术在炼油厂低温热能回收利用中的应用

Application of Organic Rankine Cycle technology in recovery of low-temperature heat of petroleum refineries

探讨了有机朗肯循环(ORC)利用低温热能的技术路线,介绍了其在某炼油厂应用实例,按全年平均节电功率1 300 k W计算,每年节约电能10.92 GW·h,节约标煤3 822 t/a,CO2减排9 718 t/a,取得较好的经济效益和社会效益。该工程主要创新点在于:(1)开发了国内首套采用向心式透平膨胀机的有机朗肯循环发电装置;(2)自主开发了向心式透平膨胀机,填补了国内ORC单机大功率膨胀机的空白;(3)采用高效紧凑的板壳式换热技术以提高换热效率,有效提升了有机工质蒸发压力,降低了有机工质冷凝压力,实现了发电装置的高效运行,减少了占地面积,降低了工质装填量;(4)开发了一套集检测、自动控制为一体的有机工质加注系统,实现了有机工质的自动加注,以确保发电装置安全运行。

The technical process of Organic Rankine Cycle（ ORC） for refinery low-temperature heat recovery is studied. Its application in a petrochemical plant is introduced. At a saving rate of 1 300 Kw/a electricity,the annual electricity saving is 10. 92 million kilowatts,the coal saving is 3 822 t/a and CO2 emission reduction is 9 718 t/a. Good economic benefit and social benefit have been achieved. The innovations of this project are：（ 1） it is the China＇s first Organic Rankine Cycle power generation unit using centripetal turbine expander which can be used as the commercial demonstration unit;（ 2） the centripetal turbine expander has been successfully developed by its own efforts and China has its own large power ORC expander;（ 3） the high-efficiency compact plate heat exchanger technology has been applied,which has improved the heat exchange efficiency,raised the evaporation pressure of organic media,reduced the condensing pressure of organic media,and realized the high-efficiency operation of the power generation unit,reduced the plot area requirement and minimized the working medium filling;（ 4） a organic media adding system integrated with testing and automatic control has been developed for automatic injection of organic media so as to ensure the safe operation of electric power generation unit.