中国低效化石燃料补贴的实证分析——以交通运输化石燃料补贴为例

An Empirical Analysis of Low-efficiency Fossil Fuel Subsidy in China: A Case Study of Fossil Fuel Subsidy in Transportation

中国的低效化石燃料补贴不仅造成沉重的财政负担,而且扭曲了化石燃料的价格形成机制,助推了化石燃料的浪费型消费。G20杭州会议确立了全球低效化石燃料补贴改革的基本框架。本文基于中国低效化石燃料补贴自述报告,以交通运输化石燃料补贴项目为例,经由Stata软件分析计算基于成品油价格及价格变动的交通运输化石燃料理论补贴额及分部门补贴额。研究结果表明:从部门维度而言,城市公交实际补贴与理论补贴差额占据交通运输化石燃料整体补贴差额的69.53%,即城市公交部门补贴是交通运输化石燃料补贴低效性的最大成因;从时间维度而言,2011年的实际补贴与理论补贴差额最高,为285.21亿元,其余年份依次为2016年、2012年、2013年、2014年和2015年。在此基础上,本文提出了关于中国低效化石燃料补贴改革的若干建议。

China＇s inefficient fossil fuel subsidies not only give the government a heavy financial burden, but also distort the fossil fuels price formation mechanism, resulting in wasted consumption of fossil fuels. G20 Hangzhou meeting established the basic framework of the reform of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies. Based on Chinese selfreview report on inefficiency fossil fuel subsidies, this paper chooses the case study of subsidies for fossil fuels used in transportation, and analyzes the theoretical subsidies for fossil fuels used in transportation based on the price and price changes of the product oil based on the Stata software. The results show that, in terms of sectoral dimensions, the difference between the actual and theoretical subsidies for urban public transport accounts for 69.53% of the overall subsidy difference, that is, urban public transport subsidy is the largest cause of subsidies for fossil fuels used in transportation; in terms of the time dimension, the difference between the actual subsidy and the theoretical subsidy in 2011 was the highest, which was 28.521 billion yuan, followed by 2016, 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Finally, this paper gives some suggestions for the reform of China＇s inefficient fossil fuel subsidies.