延边地区208例极低体质量儿临床分析

Clinical analysis of 208 cases of very low birth weight infants in Yanbian area

[目的]分析延边地区朝鲜族和其他民族极低体质量儿的发病原因、并发症、治疗及转归.[方法]回顾性分析2012年1月至2016年11月间收治的延边地区208例极低出生体质量儿的临床资料.[结果]延边地区朝鲜族极低出生体质量儿的发病原因中母亲患有妊娠期高血压综合征、多胎及劳累的人数明显多于其他民族(P<0.05);朝鲜族极低出生体质量儿并发新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的患儿数明显多于其他民族(P<0.05),并发新生儿窒息及新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病的患儿数明显少于其他民族(P<0.05);给予肺表面活性物质治疗的朝鲜族极低出生体质量儿数明显多于其他民族(P<0.05),而给予呼吸机辅助通气治疗的患儿数明显少于其他民族(P<0.05);延边地区朝鲜族和其他民族极低出生体质量儿在好转、转院、放弃及死亡等预后方面间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).[结论]加强围产期检测及预防与治疗各种妊娠合并症可预防极低体质量儿的出生,极低体质量儿出生后及时给予肺表面活性物质及呼吸机辅助通气治疗可减少并发症的发生,且可改善预后.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the causes,complications,treatments and prognosis of very low birth weight infants between Korean nationality and the other nationalities in Yanbian area.METHODS The clinical data of 208 very low birth weight infants in Yanbian area were retrospectively analyzed from January2012 to November 2016.RESULTS In Yanbian area,the number of very low birth weight infants in the mothers with gestational hypertension syndrome,multiplets and fatigue in the Korean nationality was higher than that in the other nationalities.（P〈0.05）.As compared with the other nationalities,the number of the very low birth weight infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome was significantly higher（P〈0.05）,and the number of the very low birth weight infants with neonatal asphyxia and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain was obviously lower in the Korean nationality（P〈0.05）.The number of the very low birth weight infants treated with pulmonary surfactant in the Korean nationality was significantly higher than that in the other nationalities（P〈0.05）,while the number of the very low birth weight infants treated with ventilator assisted ventilation was obviously lower（P〈0.05）.There was no statistically significant difference between the Korean nationality and the other nationalities in the improvement,transfer,renunciation and death of the very low birth weight infants in Yanbian area（P〉0.05）.CONCLUSION Strengthening perinatal examination,prevention and treatment of all kinds of pregnancy complications could prevent the birth of very low birth weight infants.After the birth of very low birth weight infants, giving the pulmonary surfactant and ventilator assisted ventilation in time could reduce the occurrence of complications and improve the prognosis.