SPS措施对中国大豆进口的影响分析

Impact Analysis of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and China's Soybean Import

SPS措施是后关税时代影响农产品贸易的主要政策工具。进口国采用SPS措施防范外来风险,而出口国将其作为产品的质量安全竞争力。文章以国际食品法典委员会(CAC)制定的大豆标准为基准,构建度量各国SPS措施保护水平的变量,基于1992~2013年中国与阿根廷、巴西、加拿大和美国4个大豆出口国的双边贸易数据,探讨国家之间SPS措施保护水平的差异对中国大豆进口贸易的影响。研究发现,若出口国SPS措施保护水平高于中国,则对中国的大豆出口显著增加,SPS措施成为其大豆出口的催化剂;另外,消费者收入的增长、国内大豆产量的下降以及大豆生产效率的低下也是中国大豆进口激增的重要因素。

Sanitary and Phytosanitary （SPS） measures are the main policy instruments that influence the trade of agricultural products in the post-tariff era. Importing countries adopt SPS measures to prevent alien risks from entering do- mestic markets while the exporters regard SPS as the competitiveness in product quality and safety. This essay, based on the data between China and its trade partners --Argentina, Brazil, Canada and the United States during 1992-2013, constructs severe indicators of SPS measures on soybean by comparing each coun- try＇s maximum residue limits of pesticide to international standards made by Co- dex Alimentarius Commission （CAC）, the empirical method was used to measure the influence of protection difference in SPS measures on China＇s soybean im- port. The study found that if the SPS protection of an export country is higher than that of China, then the export of soybean from this country to China increased significantly. In other words, the SPS measures become catalyst for soybean exports. In addition, income growth of Chinese consumer, decrement in China＇s soybean production and ineffective soybean production also contributed to surge in China＇s soybean imports.