2014年我国南方部分地区人群蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染及影响因素分析

Infection and influencing factors of Giardia lamblia in southern China,2014

目的了解我国南方部分地区农村居民蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫感染现状,并初步探讨影响人群感染的相关因素。方法于2014年10月,采用多阶段抽样方法分别从我国南方部分地区(江苏、湖北和广西壮族自治区)各抽取约2 000人作为调查对象,利用碘液染色法检测粪便中贾第虫包囊,通过问卷调查收集调查对象一般人口学资料、生活习惯和环境卫生情况等信息。结果共调查人数为6 025人,人群贾第虫总体感染率为1.20%;江苏、湖北和广西地区感染率分别为0.15%(3/2 010),2.08%(42/2 015)和1.35%(27/2 000),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同性别和不同年龄组人群间贾第虫感染率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,饭前洗手是感染贾第虫的保护因素(OR=0.374,95%CI:0.148~0.946),而家庭厕所位于室外是感染贾第虫的危险因素(OR=1.762,95%CI:1.091~2.848)。结论本次调查人群贾第虫感染率总体上处于较低水平,不良的个人卫生习惯以及环境卫生条件可能是影响贾第虫感染的重要危险因素。

Objective To investigate the infection and the influecing factors of Giardia lamblia among rural residents in some areas of southern China. Methods Three provinces of southern China（Jiangsu,Hubei and Guangxi） were selected as the investigated areas, about 2 000 participants were selected from each province by multi-stage sampling method. The fecal samples within 24 hours were collected and then examined by iodine staining methods. The demographic characteristics,living habits and related environmental information were collected by questionnaire. Results A total of 6 025 individuals were surveyed in the present study and the total infection rate of Giardia was 1.20%. The infection rates in Jiangsu,Hubei and Guangxi were 0.15%（3/2 010）,2.08%（42/2 015） and 1.35%（27/2 000） respectively,and the difference was significant（P〈0.01）. However,no significant difference existed between males and females and between age groups（P〈0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that washing hands before meals was a protective factor for Giardia infection（OR =0.374,95% CI： 0.148-0.946）,while residence with outdoor toilet was the risk factor（OR=1.762,95%CI： 1.091-2.848）. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that the infection rate of Giardia is generally at a lower level in the investigated areas. The poor personal hygienic practice and bad environmental sanitation are the most important risk factors of Giardia infection.