大气颗粒物致肺泡巨噬细胞免疫反应研究进展

Immune response induced by alveolar macrophages exposed to particulate matter:a review of recent studies

大气颗粒物(particulate matter,PM)进入机体后可引起肺泡巨噬细胞(alveolar macrophages,AMs)发生免疫反应,在多种疾病的产生与发展中起重要作用。AMs通过多种模式识别吞噬PM,并激活下游信号通路,诱导炎症反应发生。AMs作为一种抗原提呈细胞,可诱导T细胞活化,启动适应性免疫应答。PM在不同条件下诱导AMs发生M1/M2极化,使其发挥不同的免疫作用。研究显示,除了PM的粒径大小,其成分(如金属含量、有机化合物)和环境温度等因素也会通过影响AMs的免疫反应而影响PM对机体的危害程度。对于慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者,PM所造成的AMs吞噬功能障碍是导致该疾病急性加重的关键因素。该文对PM引起的AMs免疫反应及有关研究进展进行综述。

Particulate matter（PM） may enter into human body and stimulates the immune reaction of alveolar macrophages（AMs）,playing an important role in generation and development of many diseases. AMs recognize and engulf PM firstly through various pattern recognition receptors and activate intracellular signaling pathways to induce inflammatory response. Meanwhile, AMs are also one kind of antigen-presenting cell that can help the activation of T-cell, initiating adaptive immune response, also induce M1/M2 polarization of AMs under different conditions, further inducing different immune responses. Recent studies also have shown that, in addition to the size, the composition of PM（e.g.： metalcontent, organic matter） and ambient temperature can also impact the immunological response of AMs and thus impact the degree of hazard on human body. For patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, phagocytic dysfunction of AMs caused by PM is a key factor leading to its acute exacerbation.Here is to make a review of the research on the immune response induced by AMs exposed to PM and relevant progress.