积极就业政策中的政府选择与撇脂效应

Government Selection and Skimming Effect in Positive Employment Policy

运用世界银行调查数据,构造联立选择模型分析政府积极就业政策参与决定机制,依此检验决定过程中的"撇脂效应"。研究发现,积极就业政策参与政府决策包括个体、宏观层面;依照政府选择过程可将积极就业政策分为三类,第一类小额担保贷款、社会保险补贴受个体和宏观因素共同主导,第二类职业培训仅受宏观因素主导,第三类职业介绍、公共岗位仅受个体因素主导;宏观因素占主导的职业培训存在严重的"撇脂效应"。在积极就业政策实施过程中必须对政府选择行为采取适当的激励,才能缓解"撇脂效应"。

Based on the World Bank survey data, this paper analyze the participation mechanism of government＇s positive employment policy constructs a simultaneous selection model, and test the skimming effect in the decision process. The study found that the positive employment policy includes individual and macro level. According to the process of government selection, the active employment policy can be divided into three categories. The first category is jointly led by individual and macro factors, such as small secured loans and social insurance subsidies; The second category is macro factors steering, such as vocational training; The third category is individual factors steering, such as employment introduction, and public positions. There is a serious skimming effect in the vocational training. In the process of implementing the positive employment policy, it is necessary to take appropriate incentives to the government selection behavior so as to alleviate the skimming effect.