朝鲜朝《训民正音》标记原理与汉语等韵图“质正”理论

Marking Principles in Hunminjeongum(《训民正音》) and Korean Chinese Phonology “Qualitative” Theory

新发掘的朝鲜朝汉语官话质正制度材料证明,《训民正音》是在汉语等韵学理论指导基础上,结合阴阳五行学说和汉字构型学说,于十五世纪创制出的较为完备的谚文字母标记文字理论体系。并且依照汉语等韵学理论仿制相对应的朝鲜等韵图,对发音方法、音值、音位等问题制定了比较系统的图解方案,构成了新的等韵"质正"理论范畴。本文结合"质正"文献之考察,指出以往中、韩学者有关《训民正音》源于八思巴文字观点存在的问题,并进一步讨论汉语音韵学理论在《训民正音》标音符号创制应用实践中的意义与作用,以便推进朝鲜朝汉语官话"质正"制度研究,重新认识东亚视域下传统汉语音韵学标音理论对各民族语言文字产生与创制的重要影响程度。

The new excavations on the Korean mandarin quality system shows Hunminjeongum is based on Chinese phonetic rhyme theory, also on the combination of Yin and Yang and the five elements and Chinese characters configuration theory, a relatively complete system of the Hangul alphabet sound words in fifteenth century. According to the "quality inspection" literature, this paper points out some shortcomings in both Chinese and Korean scholars' view that Hunminjeongum roots from Basiba.