2014-2016年阿坝州手足口病病原学监测结果分析

Etiologic Characteristics of Hand-foot-mouth Disease in Aba Prefecture From 2014 to 2016

目的对2014-01/2016-07阿坝州手足口病病原学监测结果进行分析,了解阿坝州手足口病流行特征,为防控手足口病提供科学依据。方法应用实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time RT-qPCR)法,对2014-01/2016-07阿坝州期间疑似手足口病病例咽拭子或疱疹液标本进行肠道病毒71型(enterovirus 71,EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxsackie virus A16,Cox A16)和非EV71/非Cox A16的其他肠道病毒核酸检测。结果 637份样本中,肠道病毒核酸阳性标本322份,总阳性率为50.55%,EV71、Cox A16和其他EV核酸阳性率分别为22.45%,15.23%和12.88%。5岁以下儿童样本290份,阳性率为90.06%。结论阿坝州各年手足口病病原谱不同,2014年主要以Cox A16和其他肠道病毒为主,2015年以Cox A16为主,2016年以EV71为主,且发病高峰均集中在4-7月,5岁以下儿童是高危人群。

Objective To analyze the etiology of hand-foot-mouth disease（ HFMD） in Aba prefecture during2014-2016,understand the epidemic characteristics and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Throat swabs or vesicular fluids were collected from suspected patients. RT-PCR was used to simultaneously detect virus nucleic acid（ NA） of enterovirus 71（ EV71） 、coxsackie virus A16（ Cox A16）and non-EV71/non-Cox A16 other enteroviruses（ other EV）. Results Of 637 samples detected,NA positive samples had 322 cases,the rate was 50. 55%（322/637）,NA positive for EV71,Cox A16 and other EV were22. 45%,15. 23% and 12. 88% respectively. Of 290 samples collected from children under 5 years old,NA positive rate was 90. 06%. Conclusion In Aba prefecture HFMD Etiologic spectrum varied in different years,Cox A16 and other EV dominated in 2014,Cox A16 in 2015 and EV71 in 2016. HFMD prevalence peaked through April to July. The high-risk group was infants under 5 years old.