城市建成环境对呼吸健康的影响及规划策略--以上海市某城区为例

IMPACT OF URBAN BUILT ENVIRONMENT ON RESPIRATORY HEALTH AND ITS PLANNING STRATEGY: A CASE STUDY OF A DISTRICT IN SHANGHAI

城市规划可通过改善建成环境促进公共健康。针对我国空气污染导致呼吸系统疾病增加的问题,本文集中探讨建成环境对呼吸健康的影响和规划原则的优化方向。研究通过建构建成环境与呼吸系统健康之间的理论框架,确定建成环境影响呼吸健康的多元要素及作用路径;在此基础上,研究采用肺癌作为代表性呼吸健康结果,运用上海市某城区肺癌患病空间分布数据进行实证模型建构,探讨显著影响呼吸健康的建成环境要素及其特征。研究进而针对明确显著的工业用地布局、绿地和开放空间布局、道路密度等方面,提出针对呼吸健康的规划设计优化策略,推进健康城市建设。

Urban planning has the capacity to promote public health through improving built environment. Considering the rise of respiratory disease due to air pollution in China, this paper focuses on the impact of built environment on respiratory health and strategies to optimize urban planning. The study develops the theoretic framework between built environment and respiratory health, and then identifies multiple spatial factors and functional routes of the impact. By adopting lung cancer to represent respiratory health condition, the study builds an empirical model based the theoretic framework and distribution data of lung cancer patients in a district of Shanghai. It attempts to explore the factors and features of urban built environment that significantly influence respiratory health. This paper is concluded with optimization strategy of urban planning for respiratory health in the aspects of industry land layout, green and open space layout, and road density which have been identified as significant factors, to promote construction of healthy city.