中国古代山前寺院规画初探--以隆中广德寺为例

A PRELIMINARY EXPLORATION ON THE PLAN OF GUANGDE ZEN TEMPLE IN LONGZHONG

中国传统寺院具有科学、技术和艺术多重价值,山前区域的寺院多与自然环境相呼应。本文以广德寺为例,从城乡规划角度切入,探讨山前传统寺院的空间规划设计。广德寺营建的本质思想是"寺城同构",按照中国传统人居环境建设的"规画"传统,从仰观俯察、相土尝水、辨方正位、计里画方、置陈布势和因地制宜六个方面,探索了隆中广德寺及周边区域空间的形成规律和布局方式。广德寺结合周围地理环境,依城而建,遵从皇家规制,不仅体现了古代"天人合一"的空间设计观,而且体现了"寺-田-村-林"的整体创造观。通过历史空间格局价值的挖掘,提出历史空间格局的整体保护框架,划分发展分区,并提出相应政策。

Chinese traditional temples are endowed with science, technical, and art values, and the mountain-front temples mostly correspond to their surrounding natural environment. With Guangde Temple as an example, this paper explores the spatial planning and design of traditional mountain-front temples urban and rural planning. from the perspective of The essential principle of the construction of Guangde Zen Temple is ＂same structure for a temple and a city.＂ Based on the Chinese traditional plan method of ancient human settlements, this paper analyzes the rule of the spatial layout and form of Guangde Zen Temple and its surrounding environment. The analysis contains six aspects： Yangguanfucha （observe between heaven and earth）, Xiangtuchashui （read the soil and examine the water）, Bianfangzhengwei （take bearings and fix the position）, Jilihuafang （apply a square grid system with one square li as a unit）, Zhichenbushi （set up the layout and configuration）and Yindizhiyi （adjust measures to local conditions）. According to the idea of city construction, combined with the geographical environment, embodying the royal regulation, the plan and construction of Guangde Zen Temple reflects not only the Chinese ancient ＂unity of man and nature＂ view of space design, but also the integral creation of human settlements of ＂temple-fields-villages- forest＂. Analysis of spatial pattern of history value is conducive not only to the overall framework of historical spatial pattern of protection, but also to surrounding environment development and policy for the division of ＂partition＂.