全覆膜平作与沟播对谷子生理性状及产量的影响

Effects of Full-film Mulching Flat and Raised-bed Cultivation on Physiological Traits and Yield of Millet

【目的】明确全膜覆土栽培技术对谷子生理特性及产量的影响。【方法】以"张杂谷3号"为供试品种,于2015―2016年在内蒙古清水河县,设全覆膜平作(QP)、全覆膜垄沟种植(QW)、露地平作(CK)处理,研究了耕作方式对土壤含水率、谷子形态特征、生理特性及产量的影响。【结果】QP处理和QW处理均能提高0~40 cm土层土壤含水率、谷子出苗率,QW处理对土壤含水率的提升优于QP处理,而QP处理对谷子出苗率的提升效果大于QW处理。2015年QP、QW处理籽粒产量分别比CK提高16.24%和11.48%;2016年QP和QW处理籽粒产量分别为7 139、7796 kg/hm2,较CK提高19.00%、29.96%。【结论】内蒙古黄土高原沟壑区少雨年份全覆膜平作处理对谷子增产效果最优,而在多雨年份则相反。

【Objective】The combination of film mulch with raised-bed cultivation have proven to be an efficient rainwater-saving practice for growing staple crops in semiarid loess plateau, while only limited efforts had been made to examine the physiological and economic effects of such techniques on millet production [Setaria italica（L.） Beaur V.]. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap.【Method】A two-year experiment was conducted from2015 to 2016 at the Semiarid Qingshuihe Station in Inner Mongolia to investigate the effect of different types of film mulching and cultivations on soil water, morphological and physiological traits as well as the yield of a local millet variety‘ zhangzagu 3 ＇. Experiments designed in randomized complete block were conducted to examine three treatments： Flat planting with whole plastic-film mulching（QP）, raised bed planting with whole plastic-film mulching（QW）, and traditional planting without mulching（CK）.【Result】QP and QW not only significantly increased 0-40 cm soil water content, but also the germinating rate. Compared to QP, QW improved the soil moisture, but not germinating rate. Compared to the CK, QP and QW increased the yield by 16.24% and 11.48% respectively in 2015, and 19.00% and 29.96% with associated yield of 7 139 kg/hm2 and 7 796 kg/hm2 respectively in 2016.【Conclusion】Whole film mulching with flat planting appears to be an improved solution to sustain millet productivity in relatively dry seasons, while whole film mulching with raised-bed works better in relatively wet seasons.