古代中国外科手术传统从哪里开始?——“手术传统”概念下的起点新认知

The Beginning and Formation of Surgical Tradition in Ancient China——A New outlook under the concept of Surgical Tradition

外科手术传统是指专门训练的人从事的较复杂手术,它有明确外科诊断、明晰手术程序和完备手术器械。基于此概念,古代中国手术传统的形成既不是5000年前开颅手术和2500年前腹部缝合术,也不是战国扁鹊和比附印度佛教故事的华佗外科手术。古代中国手术传统从汉代《五十二病方》割除内痔手术开始有明确记载,隋代《诸病源候论》肠缝合术标志着古代中国外科手术传统的确立,古印度眼科手术传统在唐代融入中国,唐代蔺道人《理伤续断方》标志着古代中国骨科传统的创立。

The surgical tradition refers to the complicated surgery performed by specially trained persons,which has a clear surgical diagnosis,clear surgical procedures,and complete surgical instruments. According to this concept,ancient Chinese surgical tradition was not formed by the craniotomy 5000 years ago and the Abdominal suture by 2,500 years ago,the Bian Que in the warring states and Hua Tuo＇s surgeon in Han Dynasty which is similar to ancient Indian Buddhism story. The ancient Chinese surgical tradition has been clearly documented since the Chinese surgery for hemorrhoids in Prescriptions for Fifty-two Diseases in Han Dynasty. The sutures of intestines in General Treatise on the Cause and Symptoms of Diseases in Sui Dynasty marked the establishment of Chinese surgical traditions. From then on,eyes surgical tradition comes from India and Chinese orthopedics tradition forms in the Taoist priest Li＇s Physical trauma and fracture in Tang Dynasty.