百年来美国博士教育的转型发展及其启示

Transformation and Development of America's Doctoral Education and Its Reflections on China's Doctoral Education Development

近百年来来美国博士教育完成了转型发展。伴随着产业结构、就业结构的变化,美国博士教育的目的、结构、培养模式都随之发生变化。转型后的美国博士教育促进了美国社会经济的发展。我国的博士教育正在转型发展之中,迫切需要重新定位博士教育,全面规划专业博士的规模结构。建议我国积极发展专业博士教育,改变博士教育的目的、结构和培养模式,同时做好质量保障体系的建设工作。

Since the beginning of the 20th century,America＇s doctoral education has finished a transforming development.With the changes of industrial structure and employment structure,the purpose of America＇s doctoral education has shifted from discovering new knowledge to improving practical ability.The doctoral degree structure has changed from academic degree to academic degree and professional degree double-track paralleled,and the latter is the main.Doctoral training mode has achieved a transition from academic-based to comprehensive ability-based.After the transformation,doctoral education has better supported the development of the US economy and society.China＇s doctoral education is also in the process of transformation development.Therefore,it is urgent to re-position doctoral education according to social development,and comprehensively design professional doctoral layout.And it is suggested that China actively develop professional doctoral education,change the purpose,structure and training mode,and construct quality assurance system.