强化嵌入单门课的探究式学习——兼论本科生科研分类

Reinforcement of the Course-embedded Inquiry-based Learning and Classification of Undergraduate Research

基于学生本位的理念,将本科生科研置入由科研、教学、学习构成的三向连接情境中进行考察;本科生科研在形式上是一种科研训练而不是科研,其本质属性是学习而不是研究。根据对实践中研究的场所和学校、教师的介入方式、程度不同,将本科生科研的已有实践归纳为课外无学分、课外有学分、纳入课程表、嵌入单门课等四个类别,不同类别中学生的收获与自主性又有层次之分,它们共同构成一个互相补充、互相衔接的完整体系。根据完整性与当前实践中存在的诸如覆盖率低、参与度低等问题,本科生科研尤其需要加强的是嵌入单门课程的研究与探索。

Based on the student-centered concept,the undergraduate research（UR）was placed in the context of a three-facet nexus constructed by research,teaching and learning.UR is firstly a form of research training rather than research and its essential attribute is learning instead of research.The existing practice of UR was divided into four types including extra-curricular without credits,extracurricular with credits,curriculum-integrated and course-embedded according to the research fields and the differences in the way and degree of the involvement of universities and teachers.Moreover,students within these four types of UR had different learning outcomes and stratified learning autonomy,which complement and connect with each other,constituting a complete system.Future UR should especially strengthen the research and investigation about the course-embedded type in response to the demands and practical barriers confronted with universities,teachers and students,like low coverage and low participation in the current practice.