基于需求响应的电动汽车充放电电价与时段研究

Price and period research of electric vehicles charging and discharging based on demand response

大规模电动汽车无序充放电将会对电网负荷造成"峰上加峰"的不良影响,因此合理引导充放电行为至关重要。首先,计及电动汽车反向入网(vehicle-to-gride,V2G)情况,在综合考虑电动汽车用户成本和电网公司利益的基础上,制定了电动汽车充放电电价上下限。然后,以电网负荷峰谷差率最小和电动汽车用户参与V2G成本最低为目标,建立了充放电时段优化模型。最后,用NSGA-II算法对该模型进行寻优求解。算例表明,通过价格型需求侧响应的引导策略,对实现系统负荷"削峰填谷"和提高电动汽车用户收益具有一定效果。

The disordered charging and discharging of large-scale electric vehicles will adversely affect the load of power grid, so it is very important to reasonably guide charging and discharging behavior. Firstly, taking into account the V2 G, based on the comprehensive consideration of the cost of electric vehicle users and the interests of grid operators, the up and lower limit of charging and discharging price of electric vehicle is formulated. Then, the optimization model of charging and discharging time is established with the minimum peak load rate of power grid load and the lowest cost of V2 G for electric vehicle users. Finally, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm（NSGA-II） is applied to solve the model. Analysis of calculation example shows that using the guidance strategy of price demand response has certain effects on realizing system load ＂peak shaving and filling valley＂ and improving the user income of electric vehicles.