野生桑种质攀枝花1号的发现与驯化栽培试验

Discovery and Domestication of W ild Mulberry Germplasm Panzhihua 1

野生桑种质,尤其是具有特异性状的野生桑种质,是桑树重要的基因资源。在四川省攀枝花市米易县发现一株树型高大的乔木野生桑树,其树龄在650 a左右,长势繁茂,叶片大而有光泽,桑椹味甜清香。将这株野生桑的1年生枝条作为接穗,以桑品种云桑2号的3年生植株为砧木,用袋接法进行嫁接繁殖,并命名为攀枝花1号。调查嫁接繁殖植株经小范围栽培驯化后的主要生物学和经济学性状,结果表明：攀枝花1号属于中生中熟偏早类型,叶片大而厚、光滑无毛、柔软适口,用于家蚕饲养的摄食性好;果实大而多,平均单果质量2.5 g,成熟桑椹黄白色、黄红色或黄绿色,含糖量高,味甜清香。初步鉴定攀枝花1号是一份具有优异性状的果叶兼用型特色桑种质资源,具有进一步研究和开发利用的价值。

Wild mulberry germplasms,especially wild mulberry germplasms with specific traits,are important genetic resources of mulberry trees. In Miyi County of Panzhihua City,Sichuan Province,a tall wild mulberry tree was found with tree age of about 650 years. The tree grows luxuriantly,with large and shiny leaves. Its fruits are sweet with fragrance.One-year-old branches of this wild mulberry were used to prepare scions for grafting them onto 3-years-old rootstock of mulberry variety Yunsang 2 by bag-grafting method,and the obtained plants were named as Panzhihua 1. Main biological and economic traits were investigated after small scale cultivation and domestication. Results showed that the growth period and mature period of Panzhihua 1 belongs to the early medium type,with large and thick,smooth and glabrous,soft and well-palatable leaves for silkworm rearing. This mulberry germplasm can also produce many large fruits with average mass of about 2. 5 g.The mature fruits are in yellow-white,yellow-red or yellowgreen color,being rich in sugar content and sweet with fragrance. Panzhihua 1 is a good mulberry germplasm with both excellent fruit and leaf traits,and is worth for further research and development.