秋柞蚕一移四龄窝茧放养方法的建立

Tussah Silkworm Rearing in Autumn by A New Method of Single Transfer to Cocooning Field in 4th Instar

省力化高效饲养是现代柞蚕产业的发展方向之一。秋柞蚕生产中常用的二移五龄窝茧放养法需要将5龄幼虫集中移入窝茧场,为减轻5龄期集中移蚕的劳动强度,研究建立了一种省工省力的放养新方法,即一移四龄窝茧放养法。通过对秋柞蚕不同龄期食叶量的测算,确定4龄期幼虫集中窝茧所需窝茧场的面积占全龄用柞园面积的70%~75%较为合理;测算2种放养方法窝茧期蚕体质量相差接近7倍,4龄期幼虫集中窝茧比5龄期幼虫集中窝茧节省移蚕用工量近40%。一移四龄窝茧放养法与二移五龄窝茧放养法比较,收蚁结茧率和单蛾产茧量均略有提高,说明采用这种新的放养方法对柞蚕生命力无不良影响。采用一移四龄窝茧方式放养秋柞蚕具有省工省力的优势,适用于秋蚕期柞园捕食性害虫发生量较小的年份。

Efficient labor-saving rearing is one of the development directions of modern tussah silkworm industry. In traditional autumn tussah silkworm production,tussah silkworm larvae are moved to the cocooning field at 5 th instar for 2 times. In order to reduce the labor intensity of traditional autumn tussah silkworm rearing in 5 th instar,we explored a new rearing method named ＂Single transfer to cocooning filed in 4 th instar＂. By measuring the amount of ingested leaves in different instars of autumn tussah silkworm,it is suggested that taking 70%-75% of total rearing field for collective cocooning of the 4 th instar larvae is rational. The weight of larvae transferred in 4 th instar could be 7 times lighter than that transferred in 5 th instar,thus saving as much as 40% labor cost compared with the traditional rearing method. Nevertheless,the cocooning rate and cocoon yield per moth of the new rearing method were slightly higher than those of traditional method,which indicates that the new method has no adverse effect on vitality of tussah silkworm. The results indicate that the new method of transferring in 4 th instar for cocooning has obvious advantage of labor-saving and high efficiency.It is suitable for field rearing of autumn tussah silkworm in years with less predatory pests.