“东南互保”前后张之洞应对时局的策略研究

Study on the Strategy of Zhang Zhi-dong's Response to the Current Situation in “Southeast Security”

1900年夏季,义和团运动席卷中国北方,东南互保活动却蔓延中国南方。中国南北呈现出不同的社会状况和政治局面。时任湖广总督的张之洞,是义和团运动的异议者、反对者,也是"东南互保"的倡议者、执行者。义和团兴起,他力主镇压;中外宣战,他谋求自保;两宫回銮,他竭力逢迎。张力图使自己的行为既符合大清体制,又满足国家利益。然而,当二者不能兼顾时,张果断、策略地以国家利益为重。张之洞的这一行为演变是当时南部各省督抚的典型代表,是晚清中央与地方、国内与国外矛盾发展的必然结果。

The summer of 1900,the Boxer rebellion swept through northern China,southeastern mutual insurance activities are spreading in South China. When he was Governor of huguang Zhang Zhidong,opponents are dissidents,and the Boxer rebellion,but also ＂mutual protection in Southeast China＂advocates,implementers. From the beginning of the Boxer,he advocated repression; Chinese foreign war,he sought to protect themselves; ＂Two—Gong Huiluan＂,he tried to defend for himselve. Zhang Zhi-dong＇s evolution was the typical Governors of the southern provinces,is central in late Qing dynasty and inevitable result of the development of local,domestic and foreign conflicts.