尼采眼中的基督教之罪及其他——以《反基督:诅咒基督教》为核心

Nietzsche's Critique of Sin of Christianity and Other Issues——Taking The Antichrist:an Attempt at a Criticism of Christianity as the Core

尼采在《反基督》一书中对基督教进行了猛烈抨击,其间还夹杂着对康德哲学的尖刻批判。从深层心理学的视角出发,尼采集中批判了支撑基督教会的三大理念"信、望、爱",认为它们是教会精明算计的产物。基督教的"信"与"真"无关,且是对知识和真理的抑制;基督教的"望"树立起一个"彼岸"世界,使"现实"虚无化,弱化了受苦受难者的生命意志;基督教的"邻人之爱"因掩盖自爱而沦为"怜悯"和"同情"。从尼采对基督教会的"世俗性"的批判来看,尼采心目中或许并没有完全排斥基督教,而是有一个更"神性的"基督教和更"神性的"上帝的位置,后者偏重于《旧约》上帝的形象。这一点与尼采意志哲学的主旨一致,无疑增加了尼采与基督教关系问题的复杂性。

In his book The Antichrist published in 1888, Nietzsche made a severe attack on Christianity as well as the Kantian philosophy. From the perspective of depth psychology, Nietzsche analyzes that ＂faith, hope and love＂, three doc- trines of Christianity, are nothing but the shrewdness of the Church. In his opinion, Christianity never really cares about ＂faith＂ and ＂truth＂, but the prohibition of knowledge and truth. And ＂hope for a beyond＂ poisons people＇s will to live since it cannot be refuted or removed by any reality or fulfillment. Lastly, the Christian ＂brotherly love＂ is unhealthy in that it wipes out the ＂self-love＂ and easily falls into ＂pity＂ and ＂empathy＂. All in all, in Nietzsche＇s eyes, ＂the visible Church＂ of Christianity is too worldly, but probably in Nietzsche＇s heart, there is a place for a holier Christianity and a holier God, and the latter is closer to the God of the Old Testament. The conclusion is consistent with Nietzsche＇s philosophy of will, making Nietzsche＇s hatred of Christianity a much complex picture than we first thought.