标准与个性--乾隆万寿庆典期间国事活动与私人交游中的朝鲜人形象制造

Standard and Individuality——The Images of The Korean People in Official and Private Activities during Qianlong's Birthday Celebrations

乾隆时期的万寿庆典不只是一个奢侈隆重的庆祝性活动,更是帝王树立威严、向外界显示国力强盛和盛世太平的舞台。其间,外国使臣的使行朝拜、参加宴典使其更具有制造国际性帝国形象的意义。与此相关的《万国来朝图》、《八旬万寿盛典图说》则可视为大清帝国对自我的一种认识和塑造;同时,对外国使臣的描绘也形成了一套清帝国对异邦夷族进行认识和塑造的视觉形象系统。故此,本文尝试探讨于国事活动与私人交游中形成的两类朝鲜人形象系统,并揭示其在清朝官方、朝鲜使臣和中国文人间体现出的政治与文化的复杂关联。

During the Qianlong(乾隆) period, the Imperial Birthdays Celebration was more like a stage of establishing emperor's majesty and showing the strong national power and prosperity to the outside world than an expensive, extravagant and grand event. In this process, the envoys' ambassadorship and participation in the Imperial Birthday Celebration was much significant in creating the Qing Dynasty an international empire, the case in point is the paintings of ‘Envoys from Vassal States and Foreign Countries Presenting Tribute to the Emperor'(Wàn Guó Lái Cháo Tú) and the ‘Illustrated Grand 80th Birthday Celebration'(Bā Xún Wàn Shòu Shèng Diǎn Tú Shuō) which represent the way the Qing Empire recognized and created his own image, and the way he understood and shaped the foreign people with a set of visual image systems. Based on historical literatures and the images related to the imperial birthday celebrations this thesis explains two kinds of visual images of the Korean people in the state activities and the private communion of the Joseon Dynasty's envoys and Chinese scholars.The competition and cooperation between the Joseon Dynasty's envoys and Chinese scholars also embodies the complex relationship of the two countries in politics and culture.