贵州省中学生死亡焦虑影响因素分析

Influencing factorial analysis of death anxiety among middle school students in Guizhou Province

目的了解贵州省中学生死亡焦虑现状及其影响因素,为学校开展心理危机干预提供参考。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,在贵州省抽取3个地区共5 092名中学生,应用自编问卷、中文版死亡焦虑量表(Templer-Death Anxiety Scale,T-DAS)进行调查,数据采用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 21.0进行因子分析及构建结构方程模型。结果中学生死亡焦虑总平均分为(7.28±3.02)分,其中非常害怕死亡、担心疾病的发生会带来死亡压力与痛苦、常会想到生命的短暂和会因为想到死亡而烦恼的中学生分别为2 702(53.06%),3 126(62.16%),2 890(56.76%)和2 248名(44.15%)。不同性别、民族、学段及地区的中学生死亡焦虑得分差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。危险因素中对死亡焦虑影响作用最大的是社会欺辱,总效应为0.10;其次是生死经历,总效应为0.01。保护因素为学校生命教育和亲密的家庭氛围,对死亡焦虑影响作用大小均为0.06。结论贵州省中学生死亡焦虑的总体水平较高,社会欺辱对死亡焦虑的影响较为明显。学校需注重生命教育及心理健康教育;父母应重视家庭氛围的活跃性,多与孩子进行心理层面的交流。

Objective To understand death anxiety among middle school students in Guizhou province,and to provide basic information for psychological crisis prevention.Methods By using multi-stage cluster sampling method,5 092 middle school students from three areas in Guizhou province were investigated with self-made questionnaire and the Chinese version of Death Anxiety Scale（ T-DAS）.Data was analyzed by factor analysis and structural equation models using SPSS 17.0 and Amos 21.0.Results Average score of death anxiety was（ 7.28±3.02）.About 2 702（ 53.06%） reported afraid of death,3 126（ 62.16%） fearing pressure and pain due to death,2 890（ 56.76%） reported frequent thoughts on short life and 2 248（ 44.15%） reckoned death as tremendous trouble.Death anxiety score differed in gender,nationalities,grade and region（ P〈0.05）.Results from AMOS showed that the strongest risk factor for death anxiety was social bullying（ total effect： 0.10）,followed by near-death experience（ total effect：0.01）.Protective factors for death anxiety included school-based life education and intimate family environment,both effect sizes for death anxiety was 0.06.Conclusion Death anxiety is high among middle school students in Guizhou Province.Considering the significant impact of social bullying on death anxiety,schools should pay attention to peer bullying prevention as well as life education.It＇s also important for parents to provide a supportive family environment.