某院三年医院感染横断面调查

Cross-sectional survey of prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in a hospital in three years

目的了解2015-2017年医院感染现患率及分布特征,分析医院感染相关因素,制定针对性防控措施,降低医院感染率。方法采用横断面调查的方法,收集2015-2017年所有住院患者数据,采用SPSS22.0统计软件对数据进行统计分析。结果 2015-2017年医院感染现患率分别为1.7%、2.4%、2.8%,差异无统计学意义;住院患者抗菌药物使用前标本送检率有逐渐降低趋势,差异有统计学意义;男性患者医院感染现患率高于女性患者,差异有统计学意义;不同年龄组医院感染现患率呈"U"型分布,30~40岁组患者医院感染现患率最低,但差异无统计学意义;医院感染现患率前五的科室分别是综合ICU、皮肤烧伤科、血液风湿科、乳甲外科和呼吸内科,其中综合ICU连续三年现患率居前三位;医院感染部位主要以呼吸道、泌尿道、表浅切口感染为主,累计构成为80.95%,住院患者感染病原体主要是肺炎克雷伯菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌和粪肠球菌,累计构成比为63.17%。结论医院感染现患率处于全国平均水平,需进一步加强医院感染防控,降低医院感染发病率,并根据病原体情况合理选择抗菌药物,减少病原菌耐药发生。

OBJECTIVE To understand the prevalence rates of nosocomial infections from 2015 to 2017,analyze the related factors for the nosocomial infections and put forward the targeted prevention measures so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections.METHODS By means of cross-sectional survey,the data of all the patients who were hospitalized from 2015 to 2017 were collected,and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS22.0 software.RESULTS The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was 1.7% in 2015,2.4% in 2016,2.8%in 2017,and there was no significant difference,The submission rate of specimens of the hospitalized patients showed a downward trend before the use of antibiotics,and there was no significant difference.The prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was higher in male patients than in the female patients,and there was significant difference.The prevalence rates of nosocomial infections in the different age groups of patients showed a Ushaped distribution,the prevalence rate of nosocomial infections was the lowest among the patients aged between30 and 40 years old,however,there was no significant difference.The departments that ranked the top 5 prevalence rates of nosocomial infections were as the following：comprehensive intensive care unit（ICU）,traumatology department,rheumatology and immunology department,department of thyroid breast surgery and department of respiratory medicine;the prevalence rates of the comprehensive ICU ranked the top 3 in three consecutive years.The respiratory tract,urinary tract and superficial incision were the major nosocomial infection sites,cumulatively accounting for 80.95%.Klebsiella pneumoniae,Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus epidermidis and Enterococcus faecalis were the predominant species of pathogens causing the nosocomial infections in the hospitalized patients,cumulatively accounting for 63.17%.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence rates of the nosocomial infections are at the average national level,it is necessary to further strengthen the prevention and control of nosocomial infections,reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections,and reasonably use antibiotics based on the distribution of pathogens so as to reduce the drug-resistant strains.