运用CVM评估煤炭矿区生态环境外部成本的测算尺度选择研究——基于有效性和可靠性分析视角

A Study on the Selection of Measurement Scale Using CVM to Evaluate the External Cost of Ecological Environment in Coal Mining Area Based on Validity and Reliability Analysis

在对煤炭矿区居民进行实地调查的基础上,发现运用CVM评价煤炭矿区生态环境外部成本时,基于WTP和WTA分别获取的测算值存在较大差异,后者是前者的57.58倍,因此,对于测算尺度的选择很有必要。结合CVM的理论基础,以及受访者参与支付和接受补偿的原因,对基于不同测算尺度获取的生态环境外部成本值的内涵进行分析,发现受访者的WTP仅反映了其对自己及后代福利改善的愿望;受访者的WTA不仅体现了居民对煤炭开采带来的生态环境破坏的评价,也体现了生态环境破坏对自己及后代福利损失的补偿。更进一步发现,基于WTA的测算结果具有有效性和可靠性。所以,基于WTA的测算结果能够充分反映煤炭开采带来的矿区生态环境外部成本。最后,提出政策建议。

Based on the investigation to the residents of the coal mining area, it found that the use of CVM to evaluate the ecological environment external cost of the coal mining area. There is a big difference between the measured value by WTP and WTA, and the latter is 57.58 times higher than the former. Therefore, it is necessary to select the measurement scale. On the basis of the theory of CVM, and the reason from the respondents＇ participation in payment and acceptance of compensation, the connotation of the external cost of ecological environment value analysis by the different measurement scale, it found that the respondents＇ WTP reflects the desire to improve the welfare of its own and future generations. While the respondents＇ WTA not only reflects the residents evaluation of the ecological environment damage caused by coal mining, but also reflects the compensation for the damage of the ecological environment to its own and future generation. Further, it is found that the results based on WTA have validity and reliability. Therefore, the results based on WTA can better reflect the external cost of the ecological environment of the coal mining area. Finally, some policy suggestions are put forward.