新疆某铜镍矿矿工职业紧张水平及其对工作能力的影响

Occupational stress and its influence on working ability of copper nickel miners in Xinjiang

目的了解铜镍矿矿工的职业紧张水平和工作能力现状,探讨铜镍矿工的职业紧张水平与工作能力的关系。方法采用整群抽样方法,对新疆某铜镍矿在岗〉1 a的400名铜镍矿矿工进行工作要求—自主性量表（JDC）和工作能力指数量表（WAI）问卷调查。结果调查共回收有效问卷378份,问卷有效率为94.5%;〈30岁组矿工的工作要求得分相对较高,不同年龄间铜镍矿工工作要求得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;汉族矿工的社会支持得分、WAI总分高于少数民族,工作要求、工作要求/工作自主性得分低于少数民族,不同族别间工作要求、社会支持、工作要求/工作自主性得分、工作能力差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;大中专及以上矿工的工作要求、工作自主性得分高于高中及以下的矿工,不同文化程度间工作要求、工作自主性得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;无职称者的工作要求得分较低,不同职称间工作要求得分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;冶炼工的工作要求、工作要求/工作自主性得分高于其他组,WAI总分、工作自主性、社会支持得分较低。管理人员的各维度的得分相对较高,不同工种间职业紧张各维度得分、WAI总分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;WAI总分与工作自主性和社会支持得分呈正相关（P〈0.01）,与工作要求/工作自主性得分呈负相关（P〈0.01）;多重线性回归分析结果显示,族别、社会支持是工作能力的影响因素（P〈0.05）,少数民族矿工的工作能力低于汉族矿工,社会支持是工作能力的正向影响因素,社会支持越高则工作能力越高。结论职业紧张对铜镍矿矿工的工作能力有重要影响,降低紧张水平可以提高铜镍矿矿工的工作能力水平。

Objective To investigate the level of occupational stress and its relationship with working ability of copper nickel miners. Methods Cluster sampling method was used,and a total of 400 workers who had been employed for more than one year in the area were selected as the subjects to investigate the job demand／｜control scale（JDC） and work ability index scale（WAI）. Results A total of 378 valid questionnaires were collected and the effective rate of 94 50%;The miners in the 30／｜year／｜old group scored relatively high,there were significant differences in the working requirement scores between the different age groups（P〈0.05）;The social support scores and WAI scores of Han miners were higher than those of ethnic minorities,and the scores for job demands and job demands/job control were lower than those for ethnic minorities,there were significant differences in work demands,social support,job demands/job control,working ability between different ethnic groups（P〈0.05）. The job demands and job control of the college graduates and above were higher than those of high school and below miners,there were significant differences in the number of job demands and job control among different educational levels（P〈0.05）. Non-professionals had lower scores in job demands,there were significant differences in job demands between different job titles（P〈0.01）;The smelter＇s job demands and job demands/job control scores were higher than those of other groups The WAI score,work autonomy,and social support scores were lower. The scores of managers in each dimension were relatively high,and there was a statistically significant difference in the occupational stress in each dimension and WAI score between different types of work（P〈0.01）. There were significantly positively correlations among work ability and thecontrol and social support scores（P〈0.01）,and WAI was negative correlated with job demands/work control score（P〈0.01）. The results of multiple linear regression showed that the main influencing factors of WAI level included ethnicity and social support（P〈0.05）,minorities miners have lower working capacity than Han miners,and social support was a positive influence on work ability. The higher the social support,the higher the work ability. Conclusions The excessive occupational stress can cause the working ability among copper nickel miners,reducing the stress level can improve the working ability.