无锡市中小型企业职工对职业卫生知识的知晓情况和行为及需求分析

Awareness of the occupational health knowledge,behaviors and demands among employees in the small and medium-sized enterprises in Wuxi City

目的了解无锡市中小型企业职工对职业卫生知识的知晓情况和行为及需求现状。方法分层整群抽取无锡市9家中小型企业635名职工,对其职业卫生知识、行为及相关需求进行问卷调查,采用多重线性嵌套回归模型进行多因素分析。结果职业卫生知识知晓率较低,13.4%的职工知晓工作环境中的健康有害因素,16.2%知晓工作环境中有害因素对健康的影响;有22.2%的职工在工作场所吸烟或饮食,有17.8%的不使用相关的防护设施和用品;在职业卫生需求方面,85.4%的职工希望技术部门到企业进行卫生指导,84.7%的希望了解作业场所的有害因素和82.4%需要职业卫生法规的培训。多重线性回归分析表明：环境健康安全部门员工知识得分比管理人员得分低4.61分（P〈0.01）,工龄每增加1 a,卫生知识得分增加1.53分（P〈0.05）;职业卫生知识得分影响职业卫生行为（β=0.19,v〈0.01）;初中以下学历、医疗费用自费的职工、职业卫生行为得分是影响职业卫生需求的变量。结论企业应开展有针对性职业健康培训,尤其是工作场所的危害因素相关知识及预防措施,重点人群是初中以下学历职工。

Objective To understand the status and determinants of occupational health knowledge, behaviors and demands among employees in the small and medium／｜sized enterprises in Wuxi city. Methods 635 employees were selected through stratified cluster sampling from small and medium／｜sized enterprises in Wuxi City and were investigated Multiple factors analyses were used by multiple linear regression models. Results Among these subjects,13.4% of them knew harmful factors in their workplaces,16.2% knew these harmful factors how to impact on their health,22.2% smoked and dieted in the workplace and 17.8% without using the relevant protective facilities and supplies. In terms of occupational health demands,85.4% subjects needed health guidance,84.7% wanted to get the knowledge about harmful factors and 82.4% needed training on occupational health regulations. Multiple linear regression showed that the scores of occupational health knowledge among the EHS staff were 4.61 points lower than that of manager（P〈0.01）. The score of health knowledge increased by 1.53 points with each year of the EHS employee＇s length of service（P〈0.05）. The employees health behaviors were determined by the scores of health knowledge（β=0.19,P〈0.01）. The employees with junior school education or less,self／｜payment in the medical costs, the scores of occupational health behaviors were determinants of the occupational health demands.Conclusions The awareness rate of occupational health knowledge was low.Occupational health trainings, especially the related knowledge and preventive measures for harmful factors in the workplaces should be strengthened,especially focusing on employees with junior school education or less,in order to improve the employees＇ health.