财政职业教育支出对城乡收入差距的影响

The Influence of Fiscal Vocational Education Expenditure on Income Gap Between Urban and Rural Areas

改革开放以来,我国城乡居民收入差距不断扩大,缩小城乡收入差距始终是政界、学术界关注的焦点。职业教育作为农民职业选择的重要基础,在缩小城乡收入差距过程中发挥了重要作用。基于人力资本理论,本文对财政职业教育支出如何作用于缩小城乡收入差距进行了理论分析,结合全国30个省市的财政职业教育投入与居民收入差距现状,分东、中、西部地区,借鉴卢卡斯人力资本模型构建计量模型,通过动态面板数据对计量模型进行了实证检验。发现财政职业教育对城乡收入差距的影响显著,且存在时间滞后性;区域差异明显,增加财政职业教育投入对西部地区的影响最显著,其次是中部地区。最后,基于研究结论,提出了相关政策建议。

Since the reform and opening up, the income disparity between urban and rural residents in China has been continuously expanding, and narrowing the urban-rural income gap has always been the focus of attention in politics and academia. Vocational education, as an important basis for farmers＇ career choice, has played an important role in narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. Based on the theory of human capital, this paper theoretically analyzes how fiscal vocational education expenditures act to narrow the urban-rural income gap. Combining the status of fiscal vocational education investment and residents＇ income gaps in 30 provinces and cities across the country, this paper divides eastern, central and western regions, and based on the human capital model, an econometric model was built, and the econometric model was empirically tested through dynamic panel data. It is found that the impact of fiscal vocational education on the income gap between urban and rural areas is significant, and there is a time lag; the regional differences are obvious. The increase in financial vocational education investment has the most significant impact on the western region, followed by the central region. Finally, based on the research conclusions, the corresponding policy recommendations are proposed.